
调查将供应链的紧张局势从设备转移到人力资本——最难以保护的约束。
用简单的话来说。 台湾对被指控向中国实体传输制造秘密的台积电前员工展开调查(日经亚洲,2026年7月20日)。除了这起事件本身,这表明计算能力的竞争现在通过人才流动而非机器流动进行。
自2022年美国启动出口管制并逐步扩大(2023年、2024年阶段)以来,中国无法购买EUV或先进制程节点。中国绕过管制的方式包括购买“遗留”设备、通过东南亚第三方转移,以及——本案的核心——以丰厚奖金招募台湾工程师。法律防范措施(2022年扩大的《国家安全法》及工业秘密条款)已存在,但此前很少被采用。
计算能力短缺的人为因素是美国工业政策尚未充分考虑的。阻止ASML或Nvidia的销售会放缓进程;但阻止高级工程师辞职后被上海公司雇佣则要困难得多——台北和华盛顿都不愿从政治上将人才流动刑事化。台积电已经采取了长期竞业禁止和转移审计措施,但执行力在管理范围之外仍然薄弱。
对于暴露于计算能力短缺的投资者(台积电、ASML、Nvidia、中芯国际),人才成为需要与工厂能力同等建模的资产。对于工业CSO,内部威胁风险上升至网络威胁水平。对于欧洲监管机构(芯片法案),这是一个提醒,主权不仅体现在对砖块的补贴上。
本文由人工智能撰写,并经人工编辑审核。
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